Multisensory reading instruction simultaneously engages visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and tactile pathways to strengthen reading skills, particularly benefiting struggling readers and those with dyslexia.
What is Multisensory Reading Instruction?
Multisensory reading instruction activates multiple sensory pathways simultaneously—visual, auditory, kinesthetic (movement), and tactile (touch)—to build strong reading skills. By engaging multiple brain pathways at once, these approaches create stronger neural connections that enhance memory retention and reading development. The method originated with the Orton-Gillingham approach developed in the 1930s by Dr. Samuel Orton and educator Anna Gillingham. Dr. Orton's revolutionary insight recognized that reading difficulties stem from neurological differences in language processing, not from laziness or low intelligence. Research suggests that while 40% of learners read with ease, the remaining 60% benefit significantly from multisensory instruction.
Key Takeaways
- Engages four pathways simultaneously: visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and tactile
- Based on Orton-Gillingham approach developed in the 1930s
- Particularly effective for dyslexic learners and struggling readers
- Popular programs include Barton, Wilson Reading, and All About Reading
- Simple techniques like sand writing and air tracing require no special materials
How It Helps Struggling Readers
For dyslexic learners, multisensory methods address the core disconnect between sounds and letters. When multiple senses are stimulated simultaneously—tracing a sandpaper letter while saying its sound while looking at it—the brain forms stronger connections ('neurons that fire together, wire together'). Research documents significant improvements in decoding, phonological awareness, and spelling through multisensory approaches. Beyond neurological benefits, hands-on activities feel like play rather than drill, increasing engagement and reducing frustration. The approach provides multiple routes to learning, helping students with visual, auditory, or processing differences find pathways that work for their brains.
Popular Multisensory Programs
Techniques for Home Implementation
Many multisensory techniques require no special materials. Sand or shaving cream writing: Spread on a tray; students write letters with their finger while saying sounds aloud. Air writing (sky writing): Trace letters in the air while saying sounds—reinforces muscle memory and helps distinguish similar letters like b and d. Sandpaper letters: Trace textured letters while saying sounds. Sound boxes (Elkonin boxes): Segment phonemes visually while moving tiles—engages visual, auditory, and kinesthetic simultaneously. Body writing: Call out letters; children form them with their bodies (jump for tall letters, crouch for descenders). Mirror work: Observe mouth position and tongue movement while producing sounds. Make it playful and low-pressure—activities should feel like games, not drills.
The Bottom Line
Multisensory reading instruction offers evidence-based support for all learners, with particular benefit for those who struggle with traditional approaches. The methods don't require expensive programs—simple activities with sand, shaving cream, and movement cost almost nothing. For families with struggling readers or dyslexic learners, structured programs like Barton Reading provide comprehensive, scripted support specifically designed for parent implementation. The key is simultaneous engagement of multiple senses: see it, say it, trace it, feel it—all at once.
