A composite score is a single number representing overall performance on a standardized test, calculated by averaging scores from multiple test sections—like the ACT composite that averages English, Math, and Reading section scores.
What is Composite Score?
Standardized tests measure several academic areas, but colleges and state agencies often want one number summarizing overall performance. That's the composite score. On the ACT, it's calculated by averaging English, Math, and Reading section scores (Science is no longer included in the composite as of 2025). The SAT uses a total score adding two sections together rather than averaging. The composite provides a quick comparison metric, though it can mask individual strengths and weaknesses—a student excelling in reading but struggling with math might appear average overall.
Key Takeaways
- ACT composite (1-36) averages three section scores, rounding 0.5 or higher up
- State homeschool requirements vary—some require specific composite percentiles, others have no testing mandates
- Many colleges superscore, taking best section scores across test dates for a new composite
- Strong subject scores can still benefit applications even if composite appears average
How ACT Composite Is Calculated
The ACT has three scored sections for composite purposes: English, Math, and Reading, each scored 1-36. Add these three scaled scores and divide by three. Fractions below 0.5 round down; 0.5 or higher rounds up. So scores of 28, 24, and 30 average to 27.3, which becomes a 27 composite. The optional Writing section doesn't affect the composite. This calculation changed in 2025 when Science was removed from the composite calculation, potentially affecting score comparisons to previous years.
State Requirements for Homeschoolers
What Scores Mean for College
Most colleges weigh composite scores heavily, but they're just one component alongside transcripts, activities, and essays. Highly selective schools (under 8% acceptance) typically see composites of 32-36; traditional state universities often see 21-26. Many colleges now practice test-optional admissions, and those that require scores often superscore—taking your best section scores across all test dates to calculate a new, higher composite. This means retaking tests can improve your superscore even if overall performance varies.
Strategic Considerations for Homeschoolers
Composite scores can mask uneven academic development common in homeschooling's personalized approach. A student might excel in reading (32) while working through math struggles (24)—the composite obscures this story. When applying to colleges, highlight exceptional section scores in applications and address weak areas through targeted preparation. Some families choose tests strategically: the Stanford 10 is untimed (better for students unaccustomed to time pressure), while ACT and SAT can satisfy both state requirements and college admissions simultaneously.
The Bottom Line
Understanding composite scores helps you interpret standardized test results accurately—and recognize their limitations. For college admissions, know that many schools superscore across test dates, so retaking tests can genuinely help. For state compliance, verify exactly which subjects count toward your required composite. Some states only include math and language arts, meaning you can focus preparation strategically. Most importantly, remember that composite scores are one data point among many; they don't define your student's abilities or potential.
